No, it is a tradition to offer the Bamboo of luck (in sets or loose pipes) whenever someone home, ends a course, changes employment, at times when one wants to wish good luck, this does not mean that if the plant dies or is replaced we will have bad luck.
This Eastern tradition is based on the beauty and simplicity of Bamboo and not another type of superstition.
Bamboo (which in fact is a dracaena) is a rooted stake and, as such has a limited longevity yet quite large, but aesthetically can deteriorate and should then be replaced.